PART 1
Introduction to Statistics
Statistics refers to mathematical science that includes methods for collecting, organizing & analysing information data in manner that provides for meaningful conclusions. Some people consider statistics as separate mathematical science and not branch of mathematics. Statistics have concern regarding the use of information in uncertainty context and decision making process. When applying statistics to problem, practice starts with population or the process to be studied. Descriptive statistics are used for summarizing the data of population. When census are not feasible subset of population is studied called sample. When sample representing population is determined, collection of data for the determined sample in experimental and observational setting.
Characteristics of Statistics
Statistics Are The Aggregate of Fact
Only facts that have the capability of being studied in connection with place, time frequency could only be called as statistics. Single, individual or the unconnected figures could not be termed as statistics as in relation with each other they could not be studied. Because of the reasons, only collection of facts like student groups, data for IQ of students and like are statistics and could be studied in each other's relation (Akbari and et.al., 2016).
Statistics are Affected to Mark Extent Through Multiplicity of Causes.
Data of statistics is much more associated with social sciences and changes are being affected because of combined effects of various sectors. It is not possible to study effects of specific causes over a phenomenon. It is possible to trace the individual causes and their impact could also be known physical sciences (Ames and et.al., 2016). In statistical studies of social sciences combined effects of multiple causes could be known.
Numerical Expression of Statistics
Qualitative data that could not be expressed numerically, cannot be termed as statistics like goodness, honesty, ability, etc.,If numerical expressions could be assigned to them they could be termed as s